For myself, I would not use Windows, not even for a test system. But for a colleague, I had to. I installed XAMPP,  and installed Typo3 within XAMPP. I followed the classical way procedure. There are some specialities concerning soft links:

• You have to open the command processor in admin mode to create soft links.
• Source and target of mklink are swapped compared to Linux.
• For soft links to directories, you have to add /d to the command line.

I then installed all the extensions that are present and necessary in the productive system. I made sure that a system mantainer with the same name existed on both systems. I cleared all caches and cleaned up the database on the productive system. Then I made a backup of the productive system with phpMyAdmin. I chose the option to delete tables before trying to create them and to include all tables.

The normal way to restore a MySql/MariaDB backup is to use the command line with something like mysql -u username -p databasename < backuppath

As there are severe restictions to line length in the Windows environment, this will probably fail. What did work was to leave out the redirection and to call source backuppath within the MariaDB client. Unfortunately on Windows utf8 is not the default character set, so I had to specify that too. So I ended up with mysql -u username -p --default-character-set=utf8 databasename and, from within the client, source backuppath.

The next and last step was to mirror all the files from fileadmin. If you have lots of files and not the very best ftp client, it might come handy to insert all the files into a zip archive on the server and fetching this instead of downloading them one by one.